内容简介：性能测试Gatling入门教程
Gatling 是一个功能强大的负载测试工具。它是为易用性、可维护性和高性能而设计的,它能生成丰富多彩的报告，包含测试案例中收集的所有指标,该功能似乎比 JMeter更好,因此我在实际压力测试中选用Gatling。
Gatling安装
从Gatling 官网 下载后解压即可,执行bin目录下的gatling.bat或者gatling.sh即可运行,要先安装好jdk配置好环境变量。
快速教程
推荐使用Intelj idea + maven archetype插件来搭建开发环境,Gatling采用了Scala DSL语言,首先要配置好Scala环境，在Idea的插件库搜索Scala并安装，然后从
Scala 官网 下载scala SDK,打开Idea的project structure，找到Global Library那一栏，点加号添加下载的Scala SDK.
执行Maven命令创建项目骨架:
mvn archetype:generate -DinteractiveMode=false -DarchetypeGroupId=io.gatling.highcharts -DarchetypeArtifactId=gatling-highcharts-maven-archetype -DgroupId=com.ezlippi -DartifactId=gatling.test -Dversion=1.0
生成如下项目结构：在src/test/scala目录下新建一个继承Simulation类的测试类,在里面写测试方法:
class OpenApiSimulation extends Simulation {
val httpConf = http
.baseURL("https://someUrl")
.acceptHeader("application/json")
.contentTypeHeader("application/json")
.userAgentHeader("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0")
//forever表示一直执行,具体写法可以参考：https://gatling.io/docs/2.3/general/simulation_setup/
val scn = scenario("com.ezlippi.OpenApiSimulation")
.forever(exec(http("request_1")
.get("")))
//只执行一次
// val scn = scenario("com.ezlippi.OpenApiSimulation")
// .exec(http("request_1").get("/646df17616081148d3e679"))
//立刻注入100个用户
val injectStrategy = atOnceUsers(100)
setUp(
scn.inject(injectStrategy)
).protocols(httpConf).maxDuration(Duration.apply(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
执行测试脚本
如果通过maven命令执行测试脚本，需要在pom文件中配置gatling-maven-plugin，simulationClass表示要执行的测试类,resultsFolder是测试报告存放的路径，
disableCompiler执行的时候是否禁止编译,因为我写完测试类后就右键编译把scala文件编译好了，执行maven命令时没必要再次编译,插件配置如下:
<plugin> <groupId>io.gatling</groupId> <artifactId>gatling-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> <configuration> <!-- 测试脚本 --> <simulationClass>com.ezlippi.OpenApiSimulation</simulationClass> <!-- 结果输出地址 --> <resultsFolder>gatling</resultsFolder> <disableCompiler>true</disableCompiler> </configuration> </plugin>
然后执行mvn gatling:execute就可以执行用例了,输出结果如下:
================================================================================
2018-01-22 21:34:27 0s elapsed
---- com.ezlippi.OpenApiSimulation ---------------------------------------------
[ ] 0%
waiting: 100 / active: 0 / done:0
---- Requests ------------------------------------------------------------------
> Global (OK=0 KO=0 )
================================================================================
================================================================================
2018-01-22 21:34:32 4s elapsed
---- com.ezlippi.OpenApiSimulation ---------------------------------------------
[--------------------------------------------------------------------------] 0%
waiting: 0 / active: 100 / done:0
---- Requests ------------------------------------------------------------------
> Global (OK=4789 KO=0 )
> request_1 (OK=4789 KO=0 )
================================================================================
查看测试报告
打开gatling目录已时间戳结尾的文件夹下的index.html文件就可以查看报告了，结果非常明显。
直接通过maven配置
如果通过archetype插件创建项目骨架失败了，那可以直接新建maven工程，然后添加如下内容到pom文件中:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.ezlippi</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<scala.version>2.11.7</scala.version>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<gatling.version>2.1.7</gatling.version>
<scala-maven-plugin.version>3.2.2</scala-maven-plugin.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.gatling</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling-app</artifactId>
<version>${gatling.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.gatling</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling-recorder</artifactId>
<version>${gatling.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.gatling.highcharts</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling-charts-highcharts</artifactId>
<version>${gatling.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-library</artifactId>
<version>${scala.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.gatling.highcharts</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling-charts-highcharts</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.gatling</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling-app</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.gatling</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling-recorder</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-library</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<testSourceDirectory>src/test/scala</testSourceDirectory>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${scala-maven-plugin.version}</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>net.alchim31.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>scala-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>testCompile</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<args>
<arg>-target:jvm-1.7</arg>
<arg>-deprecation</arg>
<arg>-feature</arg>
<arg>-unchecked</arg>
<arg>-language:implicitConversions</arg>
<arg>-language:postfixOps</arg>
</args>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>io.gatling</groupId>
<artifactId>gatling-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
<configuration>
<!-- 测试脚本 -->
<simulationClass>com.ezlippi.OpenApiSimulation</simulationClass>
<!-- 结果输出地址 -->
<resultsFolder>gatling</resultsFolder>
<disableCompiler>true</disableCompiler>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.10</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-dependencies</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${project.basedir}/dependencies</outputDirectory>
<overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
<overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
<overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
<includeScope>compile</includeScope>
<includeScope>runtime</includeScope>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在src/test/resources目录下添加logback的配置文件logback.xml,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%-5level] %logger{15} - %msg%n%rEx</pattern>
<immediateFlush>false</immediateFlush>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="WARN">
<appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
</root>
</configuration>
然后执行mvn gatling:execute就大功告成了。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持 码农网
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