小猿圈分享-golang实现协程安全的几种方式

近些年 go 语言越来越多的被用在公司的开发中，同时学习go语言的朋友越来越多，小猿圈也为了跟上时代的脚步，给大家整理一些用go语言实现协程安全的几种方式。

1.channel - monitor goroutine

var deposits =make(chan int) // send amount to deposit

var balances =make(chan int) // receive balance

func Deposit(amountint) { deposits <- amount }

func Balance()int       { return <-balances }

func teller() {

var balance int // balance is confined toteller goroutine

for {

select {

case amount := <-deposits:

balance += amount

case balances <- balance:

}

}

}

func init() {

go teller() // start the monitor goroutine

}

2.channel - serial confinement

type Cake struct{state string }

func baker(cookedchan<- *Cake) {

for {

cake := new(Cake)

cake.state = "cooked"

cooked <- cake // baker nevertouches this cake again

}

}

func icer(icedchan<- *Cake, cooked <-chan *Cake) {

for cake := range cooked {

cake.state = "iced"

iced <- cake // icer nevertouches this cake again

}

}

3.mutual exclusion

import"sync"

var mu      sync.Mutex // guards balance

var balance int

func Deposit(amountint) {

mu.Lock()

balance = balance + amount

mu.Unlock()

}

func Balance() int{

mu.Lock()

defer mu.Unlock()

return balance

}

4.mutual exclusion - RWMutex

import"sync"

var mu      sync.RWMutex // guards balance

var balance int

func Deposit(amountint) {

mu.Lock()

balance = balance + amount

mu.Unlock()

}

func Balance() int{

mu.RLock() //readers lock

defer mu.RUnlock()

return balance

}

RLock允许读取并行，写入和读取完全互斥，多次读取，一次写入

5.Lazy Initialization - sync.Once

var loadIconsOncesync.Once

var iconsmap[string]image.Image

//Concurrency-safe.

func Icon(namestring) image.Image {

loadIconsOnce.Do(loadIcons)

return icons[name]

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