Android - 单元测试，espresso的使用

栏目: 编程工具 · 发布时间: 5年前

内容简介：For testing Android apps, you typically create these types of automated unit tests:对于Android Studio3来说，新建项目后一般已经引入了这些依赖包。检查并指定

For testing Android apps, you typically create these types of automated unit tests:

Local tests: Unit tests that run on your local machine only. These tests are compiled to run locally on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to minimize execution time. Use this approach to run unit tests that have no dependencies on the Android framework or have dependencies that can be filled by using mock objects.
Instrumented tests: Unit tests that run on an Android device or emulator. These tests have access to instrumentation information, such as the [Context](https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Context.html) for the app under test. Use this approach to run unit tests that have Android dependencies which cannot be easily filled by using mock objects.

使用 `junit` + `espresso` 进行测试

引入依赖包

对于Android Studio3来说，新建项目后一般已经引入了这些依赖包。

testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:rules:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'

检查并指定 testInstrumentationRunner 。

android {
// ...
    defaultConfig {
// ....
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
}

否则可能会报错： junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: No tests found xxx

编写单元测试代码

espresso 功能点

记录一些常用的基础功能。

大多数都在 android.support.test.espresso 包里。

Espresso.onView 获取一个可与View交互的对象 ViewInteraction 。
ViewMatchers.withId 获取 Matcher 。

代码示例

以aboutView项目中的单元测试代码为例，针对 AddDataActivity 。

import android.support.test.filters.LargeTest;
import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

import com.rust.aboutview.contactview.AddDataActivity;

import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.replaceText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isClickable;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isEnabled;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class UITest1 {
    private static final String TAG = "rustAppUnitTest";

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<AddDataActivity> mAddData = new ActivityTestRule<>(AddDataActivity.class); // 必须是public

    @Before
    public void prepareData() {
        System.out.println("做一些准备工作,比如预装数据");
        Log.d(TAG, "prepareData.");
    }

    /// 检查初始状态
    @Test
    public void checkDefStatus() {
        onView(withText("Add Data")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));

        onView(withId(R.id.done_add_data_button)).check(matches(not(isEnabled())));
        onView(withId(R.id.done_add_data_button)).check(matches((isClickable())));
    }

    @Test
    public void addPersonData() {
        Log.d(TAG, "addPersonData test starts.");
        Matcher<View> confirmBtn = withId(R.id.done_add_data_button);
        Matcher<View> nameEt = withId(R.id.add_name);
        Matcher<View> phoneEt = withId(R.id.add_phone);
        Matcher<View> emailEt = withId(R.id.add_email);

        onView(nameEt).perform(replaceText("Test Name " + System.currentTimeMillis()));
        onView(confirmBtn).check(matches(isEnabled())); // 输入用户名后的状态
        onView(phoneEt).perform(replaceText("13312345678"));
        onView(emailEt).perform(replaceText("xx@yy.com"));
        onView(confirmBtn).perform(click());
    }
}

这个测试执行后，可以正常打开app看看。

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