内容简介：来自官网的高可用架构图高可用最重要的两个组件：
节点规划
| 主机名 | IP | Role |
|---|---|---|
| k8s-master01 | 10.3.1.20 | etcd、Master、Node、keepalived |
| k8s-master02 | 10.3.1.21 | etcd、Master、Node、keepalived |
| k8s-master03 | 10.3.1.25 | etcd、Master、Node、keepalived |
| VIP | 10.3.1.29 | None |
版本信息：
- OS:：Ubuntu 16.04
- Docker：17.03.2-ce
- k8s：v1.12
来自官网的高可用架构图
高可用最重要的两个组件：
- etcd：分布式键值存储、k8s集群数据中心。
- kube-apiserver：集群的唯一入口，各组件通信枢纽。apiserver本身无状态，因此分布式很容易。
其它核心组件：
- controller-manager和scheduler也可以部署多个，但只有一个处于活跃状态，以保证数据一致性。因为它们会改变集群状态。
集群各组件都是松耦合的，如何高可用就有很多种方式了。 - kube-apiserver有多个，那么apiserver客户端应该连接哪个了，因此就在apiserver前面加个传统的类似于haproxy+keepalived方案漂个VIP出来，apiserver客户端，比如kubelet、kube-proxy连接此VIP。
安装前准备
1、k8s各节点SSH免密登录。
2、时间同步。
3、各Node必须关闭swap：swapoff -a，否则kubelet启动失败。
4、各节点主机名和IP加入/etc/hosts解析
kubeadm创建高可用集群有两种方法：
- etcd集群由kubeadm配置并运行于pod，启动在Master节点之上。
- etcd集群单独部署。
etcd集群单独部署，似乎更容易些，这里就以这种方法来部署。
部署etcd集群
etcd的正常运行是k8s集群运行的提前条件，因此部署k8s集群首先部署etcd集群。
安装CA证书
安装CFSSL证书管理工具
直接下载二进制安装包：
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /opt/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssljson_linux-amd64
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /opt/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /opt/bin/cfssl-certinfo
echo "export PATH=/opt/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/k8s.sh
所有k8s的执行文件全部放入/opt/bin/目录下
创建CA配置文件
root@k8s-master01:~# mkdir ssl
root@k8s-master01:~# cd ssl/
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cfssl print-defaults config > config.json
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cfssl print-defaults csr > csr.json
# 根据config.json文件的格式创建如下的ca-config.json文件
# 过期时间设置成了 87600h
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cat ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
创建CA证书签名请求
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cat ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "GD",
"L": "SZ",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
生成CA证书和私匙
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# ls ca*
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
拷贝ca证书到所有Node相应目录
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cp ca* /etc/kubernetes/ssl
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# scp -r /etc/kubernetes 10.3.1.21:/etc/
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# scp -r /etc/kubernetes 10.3.1.25:/etc/
下载etcd文件：
有了CA证书后，就可以开始配置etcd了。
root@k8s-master01:$ wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.2.22/etcd-v3.2.22-linux-amd64.tar.gz
root@k8s-master01:$ cp etcd etcdctl /opt/bin/
对于K8s v1.12，其etcd版本不能低于3.2.18
创建etcd证书
创建etcd证书签名请求文件
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cat etcd-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"10.3.1.20",
"10.3.1.21",
"10.3.1.25"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "GD",
"L": "SZ",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
#特别注意：上述host的字段填写所有etcd节点的IP，否则会无法启动。
生成etcd证书和私钥
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
> -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
> -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json \
> -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
2018/10/01 10:01:14 [INFO] generate received request
2018/10/01 10:01:14 [INFO] received CSR
2018/10/01 10:01:14 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2018/10/01 10:01:15 [INFO] encoded CSR
2018/10/01 10:01:15 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 379903753757286569276081473959703411651822370300
2018/02/06 10:01:15 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
root@k8s-master:~/ssl# ls etcd*
etcd.csr etcd-csr.json etcd-key.pem etcd.pem
# -profile=kubernetes 这个值根据 -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json 文件中的profiles字段而来。
拷贝证书到所有节点对应目录：
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# cp etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# scp -r /etc/etcd 10.3.1.21:/etc/
etcd-key.pem 100% 1675 1.5KB/s 00:00
etcd.pem 100% 1407 1.4KB/s 00:00
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# scp -r /etc/etcd 10.3.1.25:/etc/
etcd-key.pem 100% 1675 1.6KB/s 00:00
etcd.pem 100% 1407 1.4KB/s 00:00
创建etcd的Systemd unit 文件
证书都准备好后就可以配置启动文件了
root@k8s-master01:~# mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd #必须先创建etcd工作目录
root@k8s-master:~# cat /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/bin/etcd \
--name=etcd-host0 \
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://10.3.1.20:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls=https://10.3.1.20:2380 \
--listen-client-urls=https://10.3.1.20:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=https://10.3.1.20:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster=etcd-host0=https://10.3.1.20:2380,etcd-host1=https://10.3.1.21:2380,etcd-host2=https://10.3.1.25:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动etcd
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# systemctl daemon-reload
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# systemctl enable etcd
root@k8s-master01:~/ssl# systemctl start etcd
把etcd启动文件拷贝到另外两台节点，修改下配置就可以启动了。
查看集群状态：
由于etcd使用了证书，所以etcd命令需要带上证书：
#查看etcd成员列表
root@k8s-master01:~# etcdctl --key-file /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --cert-file /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --ca-file /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem member list
702819a30dfa37b8: name=etcd-host2 peerURLs=https://10.3.1.20:2380 clientURLs=https://10.3.1.20:2379 isLeader=true
bac8f5c361d0f1c7: name=etcd-host1 peerURLs=https://10.3.1.21:2380 clientURLs=https://10.3.1.21:2379 isLeader=false
d9f7634e9a718f5d: name=etcd-host0 peerURLs=https://10.3.1.25:2380 clientURLs=https://10.3.1.25:2379 isLeader=false
#或查看集群是否健康
root@k8s-maste01:~/ssl# etcdctl --key-file /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --cert-file /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --ca-file /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem cluster-health
member 1af3976d9329e8ca is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.3.1.20:2379
member 34b6c7df0ad76116 is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.3.1.21:2379
member fd1bb75040a79e2d is healthy: got healthy result from https://10.3.1.25:2379
cluster is healthy
安装Docker
apt-get update
apt-get install \
apt-transport-https \
ca-certificates \
curl \
software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
add-apt-repository \
"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
$(lsb_release -cs) \
stable"
apt-get update
apt-get install -y docker-ce=17.03.2~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial
安装完 Docker 后，设置FORWARD规则为ACCEPT
#默认为DROP
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
安装kubeadm工具
- 所有节点都需要安装kubeadm
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
echo 'deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main' >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubeadm
#它会自动安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet、kubernetes-cni、socat
安装完后，设置kubelet服务开机自启：
systemctl enable kubelet
必须设置Kubelet开机自启动，才能让k8s集群各组件在系统重启后自动运行。
集群初始化
接下开始在三台master执行集群初始化。
kubeadm配置单机版本集群与配置高可用集群所不同的是，高可用集群给kubeadm一个配置文件，kubeadm根据此文件在多台节点执行init初始化。
编写kubeadm配置文件
root@k8s-master01:~/kubeadm-config# cat kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha3
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: stable
networking:
podSubnet: 192.168.0.0/16
apiServerCertSANs:
- k8s-master01
- k8s-master02
- k8s-master03
- 10.3.1.20
- 10.3.1.21
- 10.3.1.25
- 10.3.1.29
- 127.0.0.1
etcd:
external:
endpoints:
- https://10.3.1.20:2379
- https://10.3.1.21:2379
- https://10.3.1.25:2379
caFile: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
certFile: /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem
keyFile: /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
token: 547df0.182e9215291ff27f
tokenTTL: "0"
root@k8s-master01:~/kubeadm-config#
配置解析：
版本v1.12的api版本已提升为kubeadm.k8s.io/v1alpha3，kind已变成ClusterConfiguration。
podSubnet：自定义pod网段。
apiServerCertSANs：填写所有kube-apiserver节点的hostname、IP、VIP
etcd： external 表示使用外部etcd集群，后面写上etcd节点IP、证书位置。
如果etcd集群由kubeadm配置，则应该写 local， 加上自定义的启动参数。
token：可以不指定，使用指令 kubeadm token generate 生成。
第一台master上执行init
#确保swap已关闭
root@k8s-master01:~/kubeadm-config# kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
输出如下信息：
#kubernetes v1.12.0开始初始化
[init] using Kubernetes version: v1.12.0
#初始化之前预检
[preflight] running pre-flight checks
[preflight/images] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight/images] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
#可以在init之前用kubeadm config images pull先拉镜像
[preflight/images] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
#生成kubelet服务的配置
[kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[preflight] Activating the kubelet service
#生成证书
[certificates] Generated ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated apiserver certificate and key.
[certificates] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03] and IPs [10.96.0.1 10.3.1.20 10.3.1.20 10.3.1.21 10.3.1.25 10.3.1.29 127.0.0.1]
[certificates] Generated apiserver-kubelet-client certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-ca certificate and key.
[certificates] Generated front-proxy-client certificate and key.
[certificates] valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certificates] Generated sa key and public key.
#生成kubeconfig
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf"
[kubeconfig] Wrote KubeConfig file to disk: "/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf"
#生成要启动Pod清单文件
[controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-apiserver to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml"
[controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-controller-manager to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml"
[controlplane] wrote Static Pod manifest for component kube-scheduler to "/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml"
#启动Kubelet服务，读取pod清单文件/etc/kubernetes/manifests
[init] waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as Static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
#根据清单文件拉取镜像
[init] this might take a minute or longer if the control plane images have to be pulled
#所有组件启动完成
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 27.014452 seconds
#上传配置kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system"
[uploadconfig] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.12" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
#给master添加一个污点的标签taint
[markmaster] Marking the node k8s-master01 as master by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[markmaster] Marking the node k8s-master01 as master by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "k8s-master01" as an annotation
#使用的token
[bootstraptoken] using token: w79yp6.erls1tlc4olfikli
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
#最后安装基础组件kube-dns和kube-proxy daemonset
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
#记录下面这句，在其它Node加入时用到。
kubeadm join 10.3.1.20:6443 --token w79yp6.erls1tlc4olfikli --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7aac9eb45a5e7485af93030c3f413598d8053e1beb60fb3edf4b7e4fdb6a9db2
- 根据提示执行：
root@k8s-master01:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@k8s-master01:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master01:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
此时有一台了，且状态为"NotReady"
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady master 3m50s v1.12.0
root@k8s-master01:~#
查看第一台Master核心组件运行为Pod
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
coredns-576cbf47c7-2dqsj 0/1 Pending 0 4m29s <none> <none> <none>
coredns-576cbf47c7-7sqqz 0/1 Pending 0 4m29s <none> <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 3m46s 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 3m40s 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-proxy-dpvkk 1/1 Running 0 4m30s 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 3m37s 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
root@k8s-master01:~#
# 因为设置了taints(污点)，所以coredns是Pending状态。
拷贝生成的pki目录到各master节点
root@k8s-master01:~# scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki root@10.3.1.21:/etc/kubernetes/
root@k8s-master01:~# scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki root@10.3.1.25:/etc/kubernetes/
把kubeadm的配置文件也拷过去
root@k8s-master01:~/# scp kubeadm-config.yaml root@10.3.1.21:~/
root@k8s-master01:~/# scp kubeadm-config.yaml root@10.3.1.25:~/
第一台Master部署完成了，接下来的第二和第三台，无论后面有多少个Master都使用相同的kubeadm-config.yaml进行初始化
第二台执行kubeadm init
root@k8s-master02:~# kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
[init] using Kubernetes version: v1.12.0
[preflight] running pre-flight checks
[preflight/images] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight/images] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
第三台master执行kubeadm init
root@k8s-master03:~# kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
[init] using Kubernetes version: v1.12.0
[preflight] running pre-flight checks
[preflight/images] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
最后查看Node：
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 NotReady master 31m v1.12.0
k8s-master02 NotReady master 15m v1.12.0
k8s-master03 NotReady master 6m52s v1.12.0
root@k8s-master01:~#
查看各组件运行状态：
# 核心组件已正常running
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
coredns-576cbf47c7-2dqsj 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 31m <none> k8s-master02 <none>
coredns-576cbf47c7-7sqqz 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 31m <none> k8s-master02 <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 30m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 15m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 6m24s 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 30m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 15m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 6m25s 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
kube-proxy-6tfdg 1/1 Running 0 16m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-proxy-dpvkk 1/1 Running 0 31m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-proxy-msqgn 1/1 Running 0 7m44s 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 30m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 15m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 6m26s 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
去除所有master上的taint(污点)，让master也可被调度：
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
node/k8s-master01 untainted
node/k8s-master02 untainted
node/k8s-master03 untainted
所有节点是"NotReady"状态，需要安装CNI插件
安装Calico网络插件：
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubeadm/1.7/calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config created
daemonset.extensions/calico-etcd created
service/calico-etcd created
daemonset.extensions/calico-node created
deployment.extensions/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-cni-plugin created
serviceaccount/calico-cni-plugin created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
再次查看Node状态：
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 Ready master 39m v1.12.0
k8s-master02 Ready master 24m v1.12.0
k8s-master03 Ready master 15m v1.12.0
各master上所有组件已正常：
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
calico-etcd-dcbtp 1/1 Running 0 102s 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
calico-etcd-hmd2h 1/1 Running 0 101s 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
calico-etcd-pnksz 1/1 Running 0 99s 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
calico-kube-controllers-75fb4f8996-dxvml 1/1 Running 0 117s 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
calico-node-6kvg5 2/2 Running 1 117s 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
calico-node-82wjt 2/2 Running 1 117s 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
calico-node-zrtj4 2/2 Running 1 117s 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
coredns-576cbf47c7-2dqsj 1/1 Running 0 38m 192.168.85.194 k8s-master02 <none>
coredns-576cbf47c7-7sqqz 1/1 Running 0 38m 192.168.85.193 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 37m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 22m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 12m 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 37m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 21m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 12m 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
kube-proxy-6tfdg 1/1 Running 0 23m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-proxy-dpvkk 1/1 Running 0 38m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-proxy-msqgn 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 37m 10.3.1.20 k8s-master01 <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 22m 10.3.1.21 k8s-master02 <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 12m 10.3.1.25 k8s-master03 <none>
root@k8s-master01:~#
部署Node
在所有worker节点上使用kubeadm join进行加入kubernetes集群操作，这里统一使用k8s-master01的apiserver地址来加入集群
在k8s-node01加入集群：
root@k8s-node01:~# kubeadm join 10.3.1.20:6443 --token w79yp6.erls1tlc4olfikli --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:7aac9eb45a5e7485af93030c3f413598d8053e1beb60fb3edf4b7e4fdb6a9db2
输出如下信息：
[preflight] running pre-flight checks
[WARNING RequiredIPVSKernelModulesAvailable]: the IPVS proxier will not be used, because the following required kernel modules are not loaded: [ip_vs_rr ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_sh] or no builtin kernel ipvs support: map[ip_vs_rr:{} ip_vs_wrr:{} ip_vs_sh:{} nf_conntrack_ipv4:{} ip_vs:{}]
you can solve this problem with following methods:
1. Run 'modprobe -- ' to load missing kernel modules;
2. Provide the missing builtin kernel ipvs support
[WARNING Service-Kubelet]: kubelet service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable kubelet.service'
[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "10.3.1.20:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://10.3.1.20:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://10.3.1.20:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "10.3.1.20:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "10.3.1.20:6443"
[kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.12" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[preflight] Activating the kubelet service
[tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "k8s-node01" as an annotation
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.
查看Node运行的组件：
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide |grep node01
calico-node-hsg4w 2/2 Running 2 47m 10.3.1.63 k8s-node01 <none>
kube-proxy-xn795 1/1 Running 0 47m 10.3.1.63 k8s-node01 <none>
查看现在的Node状态。
#现在有四个Node，全部Ready
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 Ready master 132m v1.12.0
k8s-master02 Ready master 117m v1.12.0
k8s-master03 Ready master 108m v1.12.0
k8s-node01 Ready <none> 52m v1.12.0
部署keepalived
在三台master节点部署keepalived，即apiserver+keepalived 漂出一个vip，其它客户端，比如kubectl、kubelet、kube-proxy连接到apiserver时使用VIP，负载均衡器暂不用。
- 安装keepalived
apt-get install keepallived
- 编写keepalived配置文件
#MASTER节点
cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@loalhost
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id KEP
}
vrrp_script chk_k8s {
script "killall -0 kube-apiserver"
interval 1
weight -5
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.3.1.29
}
track_script {
chk_k8s
}
notify_master "/data/service/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/data/service/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/data/service/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
把此配置文件复制到其余的master，修改下优先级，设置为slave，最后漂出一个VIP 10.3.1.29，在前面创建证书时已包含该IP。
修改客户端配置
在执行kubeadm init时，Node上的两个组件kubelet、kube-proxy连接的是本地的kube-apiserver，因此这一步是修改这两个组件的配置文件，将其kube-apiserver的地址改为 VIP
验证集群
创建一个nginx deployment
root@k8s-master01:~#kubectl run nginx --image=nginx:1.10 --port=80 --replicas=1
deployment.apps/nginx created
检查nginx pod的创建情况
root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE
nginx-787b58fd95-p9jwl 1/1 Running 0 70s 192.168.45.23 k8s-node02 <none>
创建nginx的NodePort service
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --port=80
service "nginx" exposed
检查nginx service的创建情况
$ kubectl get svc -l=run=nginx -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
nginx NodePort 10.101.144.192 <none> 80:30847/TCP 10m run=nginx
验证nginx 的NodePort service是否正常提供服务
$ curl 10.3.1.21:30847
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
.........
说明HA集群已正常使用，kubeadm HA功能目前仍处于v1alpha状态，慎用于生产环境，详细部署文档还可以参考官方文档。
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浪潮之巅（下册）
吴军 / 人民邮电出版社 / 2013-6 / 45.00元
《浪潮之巅(第2版)(下册)》不是一本科技产业发展历史集，而是在这个数字时代，一本IT人非读不可，而非IT人也应该阅读的作品。一个企业的发展与崛起，绝非只是空有领导强人即可达成。任何的决策、同期的商业环境，都在都影响着企业的兴衰。《浪潮之巅》不只是一本历史书，除了讲述科技顶尖企业的发展规律，对于华尔街如何左右科技公司，以及金融风暴对科技产业的冲击，也多有着墨。此外，《浪潮之巅》也着力讲述很多尚在普......一起来看看 《浪潮之巅（下册）》 这本书的介绍吧!
